El bulo, del que estos días ha sido España campo de experimentación, no es, sin embargo, un fenómeno peculiar de nuestra tierra. En todas partes se da con la misma o mayor prodigalidad, y en tiempos como los que corremos, en los que la sensibilidad se encuentra en situación de hiperestesia, es frecuente que los autores de bulos se aprovechen y se despachen a su gusto. (...) El bulo no es tampoco de ahora, sino de todos los tiempos. Y aunque en general es un arma estúpida, condenada a desvanecerse a los pocos días bajo su propia impotencia, ha originada a veces daños muy sensibles, de los que casi siempre, han resultado víctimas personas ajenas a las contiendas políticas o sociales. Así ocurrió el año 1835, en Madrid, cuando se hito correr la calumniosa y vil mentira de que las aguas del servicio público hablan sido envenenadas, falso rumor que dio origen a un tumultuoso motín, y a una sangrienta matanza de religiosos. En fecha más reciente tenemos el ejemplo de mayo de 1936, cuando la ruindad socialista hizo circular por Madrid la patraña de los caramelos envenenados, que originó también tráficos desórdenes.Era realment estèril, el rumor en la política?
Como todas las armas viles, el bulo puede ocasionan daños, pero nunca logra cumplir objetivó político alguno. Surgido de un afán de venganza y de odio, está condenado a consumirse en la esterilidad, y cuando origina víctimas siempre viene a herir a quienes menos se espera.
Per documents trobats als Arxius Britànics sabem que, en l'ambient polític de l'Espanya dels 40, era veritat el contrari. Bullia tot ell amb rumors, i sembla que algunes mesures s'estaven prenent per alertar la població de tals insidioses mentides. El 4 de desembre Arriba i molts altres mitjans publicaven una nota contra els 4.500 rumors que havien circulat en 11 dies a l'Estat.
L'autora de l'informe respon al nom de Mrs. Pickering, agent britànica a Espanya. Precisament tenia també en compte la publicació de La Vanguardia del dia 10, quan enviava aquesta altra nota secreta als seus caps:
Rumour has been given a very prominent place in the Spanish Press during the month of December 1942. Rumours have been, and indeed still are, rife throughout Spain; their import covers a fairly wide field and includes landings by Allied troops in the port of Málaga, followed by rioting and seizing of power by Left Wing elements with the approval of Allied Consulates; risings in villages taking their cue from Malaga; rising in prisons, derailing of trains and seizing of railway stations can be included in this group. The formation of Left Wing governments and ‘celebration’ rumours can also be linked.Aquest text està copiat d'un document que vaig trobar en una carpeta dels National Archives que es troben a Kew, prop de Londres.
Telephone calls, though somewhat different, may also be regarded as a form of rumour, and fall into two categories, either the threatening type “You wait; our time is coming”, or confidential, optimistic calls made to probable sympathisers. Suicides of well-known Falangists, their sympathisers of government officials are also used quite frequently as the basis of rumours, and work on the lines that the suicides have come to the conclusion that the Government is about to fall and that death is their only means of escape from a richly merited fate. Present day rumours, generally speaking, are divided into four classes; the fantastic, which are only accepted by the young and credulous; the pointless rumour which is useful only inasmuch as it tends to create confusion; the prophetic rumour which fails through lack of substance; and lastly the effective rumour which is most insidious and has some appearance of truth, shuffling names and events which although not true, might be so.
Rumour often has its root in those political jokes which are often really humorous, and go on year after year, only names being changed. They start with a basis of truth, become exaggerated, and then enter the stage of rumour based on truth, and pass on to the absolutely unfounded rumour. Rumours have always existed in Spain and are always epidemic. They have often had calamitous effects (as in the case of the massacred monks who were said to have poisoned wells in 1831); the many rumours concerning the Royal Family in pre-revolutionary days; and that of the “poisoned sweets” which caused the events of May 1936.
Una oportunitat, l'aniversari d'avui, per recordar la sra. Pickering, de qui no tinc més que aquesta firma:



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